While the overall non-Hispanic white population share declined in Houston, Dallas, San Antonio and Austin as the population grew more diverse, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites increased in the urban core ( Chart 2). Racial composition in the central cities has also changed considerably since 2000. For purposes of computational simplicity, downtown Dallas is treated as the city center associated with the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area, even though Fort Worth has an important commercial and cultural center that is also experiencing gentrification. In the Texas analysis, we consider the state’s four largest metros: Houston, Dallas, San Antonio and Austin. Not surprisingly, median income has also surged in centrally located neighborhoods compared with suburban neighborhoods. Increases in college-educated residents become noticeably weaker for neighborhoods farther from downtown, although the overall change is positive at all distances because the college-educated population has increased throughout major metro areas.
San Antonio has also undergone these changes, but they haven’t been as pronounced. metros, major Texas metros have experienced the greatest increases in college-educated residents in areas closest to the city center, with lesser changes occurring farther away ( Chart 1).
While some of the most prominent examples of gentrification have occurred in coastal cities, such as San Francisco and New York, metro areas in Texas have also experienced the phenomenon. This process of neighborhood change resulting from an influx of affluent newcomers is commonly known as gentrification.
Conversely, it has led to increasing housing costs in these areas, putting central-city living out of reach for some low-income households and at-risk populations. This influx of affluent residents is also consequential, helping improve neighborhood amenities, such as restaurants and shops, and leading to an enhanced law enforcement presence. The rise in wealth in central cities since the 1990s has surprised many long-term city-dwellers and researchers, given that crime and low incomes had long been associated with the urban core. The trend began in large metropolitan areas such as New York and Chicago in the 1990s and has spread since the 2000s to more cities, including ones in Texas. Meanwhile, increasing housing costs have led some low-income households and at-risk populations to locate in more suburban areas.Ĭities across the country have experienced a wave of robust growth, with city centers increasingly attracting college-educated and high-income residents. As an influx of new, affluent residents has descended on gentrifying neighborhoods around the centers of Texas’ four largest cities, neighborhood amenities have improved.
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